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    11/2/2007

    轉貼〝怎樣學好Grammar〞

    網友K電郵問:怎樣才能學好 Grammar? 讀 Grammar 書有用嗎?

    我常跟學生說:文法是從閱讀學來的。

    文法書當然有用,但它和字典一樣,只是從旁輔助的工具。只看文法書卻從不閱讀,一定會走火入魔。情況就和死背生字相同。

    最近替幾位來自國內的朋友修改畢業論文,發覺他們通常用字深,卻很少用得對。整篇文章就是無數深字以怪異的句式串成。洋洋萬字的論文,往往只有數十句是通順的,要改也無從入手。這自然是國內著重背誦單詞的學習風氣的產物了。

    我們這邊又怎樣? 香港的中學生,在大型補習社的英文名師指導下,亦養成同一陋習,只是程度有別罷了。這問題,我在評論香港高中生的寫作水平時已談過。

    其實學文法和學生字一樣,都要 in context 地學。死記生字的中文解釋並不管用,因為你不懂用法,也不清楚場合語氣是否適宜。同樣,像背誦公式般死記甚麼名詞關係子句,甚麼懸垂修飾語,好了,詞序和結構都懂了,作文時真的用得著嗎? 用得對嗎? 我改作文時最怕遇到學生的倒裝句,十句有九句用錯。不是公式背錯,而是運用不當。

    既然文法規條不能死記,那要怎樣學?

    要從閱讀中領悟文法,再以文法書鞏固領略得來的知識。這是我學英文多年的心得。

    再舉個簡單例子。冠詞 the 字看似簡單,其實用法深奧多變。一本詳盡的文法書往往記錄數十條運用 the 字的規則,還有無數例外情況,而且例外中仍有例外。要死記的話,記得這麼多嗎? 記下了,到作文時怎樣? 跟據冠詞法規第五條第三小節,這裡應用 the 而非 a,但由於前面出現了某字,卻符合了例外情況三,所以這裡用 the...。這樣運算下去,十之八九用錯。

    其實要學好文法,感覺比公式重要。養成閱讀英文的習慣,每次讀書總會遇到 the 字數十次,而每次見於不同情況,不同句式。讀得多了,加上多留意字詞的關係,自然能悟出 the 字微妙的用法來,作文就能寫對。

    閱讀時遇到疑惑,才去查閱文法書。這時候,文法書上繁雜的公式就管用了。因為你知道自己要找甚麼,也知道這些規條怎樣用於真正的文字。

    這樣才能學好 Grammar。

    同學們,別再走錯路了。

    siu82english

    相關文章:走火入魔的英文學生

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